This diagram depicts the decomposition of the various types of causality according to the SURD method: unique (pink), synergistic (orange), and redundant (dark grey) for two observed variables, to ...

Artificial intelligence is advancing rapidly, yet improving its reasoning capabilities remains a significant challenge. Researchers from the University of Pennsylvania, Microsoft Research, AMD, and ...

Causal machine learning with Microsoft's next-best-question model could replace AB testing to help you make better business decisions. Image: ZinetroN/Adobe Stock AI that analyzes data to help you ...

Cause and effect. We understand this concept from an early age. Tug on a pull toy's string, and the toy follows. Naturally, things get much more complicated as a system grows, as the number of ...